[ { "from": 1, "to": 2, "type": "递进", "strength": 4, "reason": "第一章说明有无同源，第二章把这一关系展开为成对概念的相互生成。", "source": { "from_quote": "此两者，同出而异名", "to_quote": "故有无相生", "reference": "王弼本第1章与第2章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 1, "to": 25, "type": "总纲—分述", "strength": 4, "reason": "第一章提出名称不能穷尽道，第二十五章具体说明为无名的根源勉强立名。", "source": { "from_quote": "名可名，非常名", "to_quote": "吾不知其名", "reference": "王弼本第1章与第25章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 1, "to": 40, "type": "互文", "strength": 4, "reason": "两章共同讨论有无与万物根源，第四十章以生成语句进一步集中表述。", "source": { "from_quote": "有名，万物之母", "to_quote": "天下万物生于有，有生于无", "reference": "王弼本第1章与第40章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 2, "to": 3, "type": "递进", "strength": 4, "reason": "第二章讨论公共评价所生的对立，第三章将其推进到尚贤与贵货引发的竞争。", "source": { "from_quote": "皆知善之为善", "to_quote": "不尚贤，使民不争", "reference": "王弼本第2章与第3章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 2, "to": 10, "type": "互文", "strength": 5, "reason": "两章直接重复生而不有、为而不恃，使不占有成为玄德的明确内容。", "source": { "from_quote": "生而不有，为而不恃", "to_quote": "生而不有，为而不恃", "reference": "王弼本第2章与第10章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 2, "to": 77, "type": "互文", "strength": 4, "reason": "两章均以有作为而不居功刻画圣人，后章将它置于有余与不足的分配讨论中。", "source": { "from_quote": "功成而弗居", "to_quote": "功成而不处", "reference": "王弼本第2章与第77章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 3, "to": 2, "type": "承接", "strength": 4, "reason": "尚贤贵货把第二章的评价分别落实为可引发争逐的社会设置。", "source": { "from_quote": "不尚贤，使民不争", "to_quote": "皆知善之为善", "reference": "王弼本第3章与第2章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 3, "to": 12, "type": "互文", "strength": 4, "reason": "两章都指出难得之货使行为失序，并以充足基本需要回应感官欲求。", "source": { "from_quote": "不贵难得之货", "to_quote": "难得之货令人行妨", "reference": "王弼本第3章与第12章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 3, "to": 65, "type": "总纲—分述", "strength": 4, "reason": "无知之治与第六十五章对多智的批评相连，后者使本章的政治张力更加明确。", "source": { "from_quote": "常使民无知无欲", "to_quote": "民之难治，以其智多", "reference": "王弼本第3章与第65章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 4, "to": 6, "type": "互文", "strength": 4, "reason": "两章借虚深而不断生成的形象说明道，宗与根共同指向万物的来源。", "source": { "from_quote": "渊兮似万物之宗", "to_quote": "是谓天地根", "reference": "王弼本第4章与第6章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 4, "to": 45, "type": "互文", "strength": 4, "reason": "本章以冲而不盈说用道，后章以大盈若冲说明虚空与持续作用的联系。", "source": { "from_quote": "道冲而用之或不盈", "to_quote": "大盈若冲，其用不穷", "reference": "王弼本第4章与第45章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 4, "to": 56, "type": "总纲—分述", "strength": 5, "reason": "两章直接复现挫锐、和光、同尘的表达，第五十六章将其命名为玄同。", "source": { "from_quote": "挫其锐", "to_quote": "挫其锐", "reference": "王弼本第4章与第56章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 5, "to": 4, "type": "承接", "strength": 4, "reason": "第四章的冲虚在本章被展开为风箱的空腔，使虚而能用更可理解。", "source": { "from_quote": "虚而不屈，动而愈出", "to_quote": "道冲而用之或不盈", "reference": "王弼本第5章与第4章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 5, "to": 11, "type": "互文", "strength": 4, "reason": "风箱和器室都以空处成就作用，共同说明虚并非无效。", "source": { "from_quote": "虚而不屈", "to_quote": "当其无，有器之用", "reference": "王弼本第5章与第11章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 5, "to": 23, "type": "递进", "strength": 4, "reason": "第五章劝少言守中，第二十三章通过风雨短暂进一步论证强烈言动难以持久。", "source": { "from_quote": "多言数穷", "to_quote": "希言自然", "reference": "王弼本第5章与第23章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 6, "to": 4, "type": "互文", "strength": 4, "reason": "谷神与渊深之道同以虚深说明生成根源，避免将道画成有形主宰。", "source": { "from_quote": "是谓天地根", "to_quote": "渊兮似万物之宗", "reference": "王弼本第6章与第4章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 6, "to": 28, "type": "总纲—分述", "strength": 4, "reason": "本章的玄牝和谷意象，在第二十八章展开为守雌、为谷的实践语言。", "source": { "from_quote": "是谓玄牝", "to_quote": "知其雄，守其雌", "reference": "王弼本第6章与第28章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 6, "to": 52, "type": "互文", "strength": 4, "reason": "天地根与天下母都以生育来源说明万物所依，后章进一步讨论守母。", "source": { "from_quote": "是谓天地根", "to_quote": "以为天下母", "reference": "王弼本第6章与第52章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 7, "to": 8, "type": "递进", "strength": 4, "reason": "无私后身的原则由水利万物、处人所恶进一步具象化。", "source": { "from_quote": "后其身而身先", "to_quote": "水善利万物而不争", "reference": "王弼本第7章与第8章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 7, "to": 66, "type": "总纲—分述", "strength": 4, "reason": "后身在第六十六章落实到领导者处前与处上的伦理要求。", "source": { "from_quote": "后其身而身先", "to_quote": "欲先民，必以身后之", "reference": "王弼本第7章与第66章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 7, "to": 81, "type": "互文", "strength": 4, "reason": "无私而成其私与为人、与人而己愈有，都讨论给出与自身成全的关系。", "source": { "from_quote": "故能成其私", "to_quote": "既以为人己愈有", "reference": "王弼本第7章与第81章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 8, "to": 7, "type": "承接", "strength": 4, "reason": "水处低下而利物，使第七章不专己与后身的思想成为可见的比喻。", "source": { "from_quote": "处众人之所恶", "to_quote": "后其身而身先", "reference": "王弼本第8章与第7章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 8, "to": 78, "type": "总纲—分述", "strength": 4, "reason": "本章从水论不争，后章进一步从水论柔弱克服坚强，形成同一比喻的不同展开。", "source": { "from_quote": "上善若水", "to_quote": "天下莫柔弱于水", "reference": "王弼本第8章与第78章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 8, "to": 66, "type": "互文", "strength": 4, "reason": "水居低处与江海善下都借水势说明不以争先构成公共地位。", "source": { "from_quote": "处众人之所恶", "to_quote": "以其善下之", "reference": "王弼本第8章与第66章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 9, "to": 7, "type": "互文", "strength": 4, "reason": "两章都通过退出自我中心的位置反思身之保存，分别从无私与知止切入。", "source": { "from_quote": "功遂身退", "to_quote": "外其身而身存", "reference": "王弼本第9章与第7章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 9, "to": 44, "type": "总纲—分述", "strength": 4, "reason": "本章以满堂金玉说明难守，第四十四章更明确以知足知止回应多藏与厚亡。", "source": { "from_quote": "金玉满堂，莫之能守", "to_quote": "多藏必厚亡", "reference": "王弼本第9章与第44章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 9, "to": 30, "type": "互文", "strength": 4, "reason": "功成不骄与军事得果而不矜共享对成果扩张和骄态的限制。", "source": { "from_quote": "富贵而骄，自遗其咎", "to_quote": "果而勿矜，果而勿伐，果而勿骄", "reference": "王弼本第9章与第30章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 10, "to": 7, "type": "互文", "strength": 4, "reason": "外身与不占有都要求减弱自我独占，前者着重自身，后者着重生养对象。", "source": { "from_quote": "生而不有", "to_quote": "外其身而身存", "reference": "王弼本第10章与第7章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 10, "to": 51, "type": "互文", "strength": 5, "reason": "第五十一章完整重复玄德的三重限定，并将其置于道生德畜的生成论中。", "source": { "from_quote": "生而不有，为而不恃，长而不宰", "to_quote": "生而不有，为而不恃，长而不宰", "reference": "王弼本第10章与第51章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 10, "to": 55, "type": "总纲—分述", "strength": 4, "reason": "婴儿意象在第五十五章展开为赤子的柔与和，使致柔获得进一步说明。", "source": { "from_quote": "能婴儿乎", "to_quote": "含德之厚，比于赤子", "reference": "王弼本第10章与第55章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 11, "to": 10, "type": "互文", "strength": 3, "reason": "不主宰的生养与给对象留下作用空间，可以相互说明，但属于结构性比较而非相同命题。", "source": { "from_quote": "无之以为用", "to_quote": "长而不宰", "reference": "王弼本第11章与第10章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 11, "to": 5, "type": "互文", "strength": 4, "reason": "风箱的空与车器室的空共同显示虚空可以成为作用条件。", "source": { "from_quote": "当其无，有室之用", "to_quote": "虚而不屈，动而愈出", "reference": "王弼本第11章与第5章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 11, "to": 40, "type": "互文", "strength": 4, "reason": "本章从器物功能说有无，第四十章从生成根源说有无，层次不同而问题相通。", "source": { "from_quote": "有之以为利，无之以为用", "to_quote": "天下万物生于有，有生于无", "reference": "王弼本第11章与第40章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 12, "to": 9, "type": "递进", "strength": 4, "reason": "第九章说明财货盈满难守，本章进一步揭示欲望追逐如何损伤感受与行为。", "source": { "from_quote": "难得之货令人行妨", "to_quote": "金玉满堂，莫之能守", "reference": "王弼本第12章与第9章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 12, "to": 3, "type": "互文", "strength": 4, "reason": "两章均以难得之货解释争逐失序，并将充实肚腹与减少诱惑并置。", "source": { "from_quote": "难得之货令人行妨", "to_quote": "不贵难得之货", "reference": "王弼本第12章与第3章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 12, "to": 38, "type": "互文", "strength": 5, "reason": "两章以相同的取舍句结尾，分别选择腹与厚实、舍弃目与浮华。", "source": { "from_quote": "故去彼取此", "to_quote": "故去彼取此", "reference": "王弼本第12章与第38章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 13, "to": 7, "type": "互文", "strength": 4, "reason": "两章都以身为中心讨论自我与天下，外身和贵身形成互相限定。", "source": { "from_quote": "贵以身为天下", "to_quote": "外其身而身存", "reference": "王弼本第13章与第7章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 13, "to": 44, "type": "总纲—分述", "strength": 4, "reason": "第四十四章将宠辱背后的名身冲突明确提出为名与身孰亲。", "source": { "from_quote": "宠辱若惊", "to_quote": "名与身孰亲", "reference": "王弼本第13章与第44章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 13, "to": 72, "type": "互文", "strength": 4, "reason": "贵身爱身在后章以自爱而不自贵重新表达，区分生命珍重与自我炫示。", "source": { "from_quote": "爱以身为天下", "to_quote": "自爱不自贵", "reference": "王弼本第13章与第72章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 14, "to": 15, "type": "递进", "strength": 4, "reason": "第十四章描述不可识别的道，第十五章转而描写深不可识的体道者。", "source": { "from_quote": "此三者，不可致诘", "to_quote": "深不可识", "reference": "王弼本第14章与第15章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 14, "to": 1, "type": "互文", "strength": 4, "reason": "不可名与非常名共同限制将道完全固定为某种名称或对象。", "source": { "from_quote": "绳绳不可名", "to_quote": "名可名，非常名", "reference": "王弼本第14章与第1章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 14, "to": 21, "type": "互文", "strength": 4, "reason": "两章共用惚恍意象，前者强调不可感知，后者补充其中有象有信的生成维度。", "source": { "from_quote": "是谓惚恍", "to_quote": "道之为物，惟恍惟惚", "reference": "王弼本第14章与第21章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 15, "to": 16, "type": "递进", "strength": 4, "reason": "本章借浊水徐清谈静，下一章将虚静展开为观复与知常的方法。", "source": { "from_quote": "孰能浊以静之徐清", "to_quote": "致虚极，守静笃", "reference": "王弼本第15章与第16章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 15, "to": 9, "type": "互文", "strength": 4, "reason": "不欲盈与持而盈之不如其已同样反对把增长推至极限。", "source": { "from_quote": "保此道者不欲盈", "to_quote": "持而盈之，不如其已", "reference": "王弼本第15章与第9章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 15, "to": 45, "type": "互文", "strength": 4, "reason": "若浊、若朴的外观与大巧若拙共同区分真实能力和表面炫示。", "source": { "from_quote": "敦兮其若朴", "to_quote": "大巧若拙", "reference": "王弼本第15章与第45章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 16, "to": 15, "type": "承接", "strength": 4, "reason": "第十五章借沉淀说静，本章进一步说明守静如何使归根的过程可见。", "source": { "from_quote": "守静笃", "to_quote": "孰能浊以静之徐清", "reference": "王弼本第16章与第15章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 16, "to": 40, "type": "总纲—分述", "strength": 4, "reason": "万物归根的观察为反者道之动提供展开的经验图景。", "source": { "from_quote": "各复归其根", "to_quote": "反者道之动", "reference": "王弼本第16章与第40章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 16, "to": 52, "type": "互文", "strength": 4, "reason": "归根与复守其母都把回返来源和避免危殆相连。", "source": { "from_quote": "没身不殆", "to_quote": "复守其母，没身不殆", "reference": "王弼本第16章与第52章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 17, "to": 18, "type": "开启", "strength": 4, "reason": "第十七章提出不依赖显赫道德宣示的理想，下一章转入大道废后的仁义忠孝问题。", "source": { "from_quote": "百姓皆谓：我自然", "to_quote": "大道废，有仁义", "reference": "王弼本第17章与第18章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 17, "to": 23, "type": "互文", "strength": 5, "reason": "两章直接重复信不足则有不信，表明少言自然与可信相连。", "source": { "from_quote": "信不足焉，有不信焉", "to_quote": "信不足焉，有不信焉", "reference": "王弼本第17章与第23章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 17, "to": 57, "type": "总纲—分述", "strength": 4, "reason": "民众自然而成在第五十七章被具体表达为自化、自正、自富、自朴。", "source": { "from_quote": "我自然", "to_quote": "我无为而民自化", "reference": "王弼本第17章与第57章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 18, "to": 19, "type": "递进", "strength": 4, "reason": "本章诊断德目与失序的关系，第十九章转而提出绝弃智巧与见素抱朴。", "source": { "from_quote": "智慧出，有大伪", "to_quote": "绝圣弃智", "reference": "王弼本第18章与第19章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 18, "to": 38, "type": "总纲—分述", "strength": 4, "reason": "大道废后的仁义在第三十八章被扩展为道德仁义礼逐层退失的序列。", "source": { "from_quote": "大道废，有仁义", "to_quote": "失道而后德，失德而后仁", "reference": "王弼本第18章与第38章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 18, "to": 53, "type": "互文", "strength": 4, "reason": "本章指出德名可能遮蔽失序，第五十三章用朝廷奢华与田仓荒虚揭露表里落差。", "source": { "from_quote": "国家昏乱", "to_quote": "田甚芜，仓甚虚", "reference": "王弼本第18章与第53章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 19, "to": 18, "type": "承接", "strength": 4, "reason": "第十八章诊断大道废后的仁义智巧，本章以绝弃名目和返朴作回应。", "source": { "from_quote": "绝仁弃义", "to_quote": "大道废，有仁义", "reference": "王弼本第19章与第18章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 19, "to": 28, "type": "互文", "strength": 4, "reason": "本章以抱朴作为归属，第二十八章将复归于朴与知荣守辱相连。", "source": { "from_quote": "见素抱朴", "to_quote": "复归于朴", "reference": "王弼本第19章与第28章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 19, "to": 48, "type": "总纲—分述", "strength": 4, "reason": "绝弃与少私寡欲形成减损方向，第四十八章将为道日损明确化。", "source": { "from_quote": "少私寡欲", "to_quote": "为道日损", "reference": "王弼本第19章与第48章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 20, "to": 19, "type": "递进", "strength": 4, "reason": "绝学接续绝圣弃智，末句食母又为上一章有所属补出个人体验。", "source": { "from_quote": "绝学无忧", "to_quote": "绝圣弃智", "reference": "王弼本第20章与第19章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 20, "to": 52, "type": "互文", "strength": 4, "reason": "食母与复守其母同以母指生成根源，分别呈现依养与返守。", "source": { "from_quote": "而贵食母", "to_quote": "复守其母", "reference": "王弼本第20章与第52章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 20, "to": 70, "type": "互文", "strength": 4, "reason": "本章的我独顽似鄙与后章被褐怀玉共同呈现内在价值与外在评价不一致。", "source": { "from_quote": "而我独顽似鄙", "to_quote": "圣人被褐怀玉", "reference": "王弼本第20章与第70章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 21, "to": 25, "type": "递进", "strength": 4, "reason": "本章说恍惚之中有真实生成，第二十五章进一步给出混成、天下母与周行的描述。", "source": { "from_quote": "其中有物", "to_quote": "有物混成", "reference": "王弼本第21章与第25章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 21, "to": 14, "type": "互文", "strength": 4, "reason": "第十四章侧重无物之象，本章补充恍惚之中有象，两者共同保持可说与不可定形的张力。", "source": { "from_quote": "惚兮恍兮，其中有象", "to_quote": "无物之象", "reference": "王弼本第21章与第14章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 21, "to": 51, "type": "总纲—分述", "strength": 4, "reason": "德惟道从在第五十一章展开为道生德畜，使道德关系落实到生成和养育。", "source": { "from_quote": "孔德之容，惟道是从", "to_quote": "道生之，德畜之", "reference": "王弼本第21章与第51章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 22, "to": 24, "type": "对比", "strength": 5, "reason": "两章逐项以不自见、不自是与自见、自是相对照，明确呈现自我炫示的两种后果。", "source": { "from_quote": "不自见故明，不自是故彰", "to_quote": "自见者不明，自是者不彰", "reference": "王弼本第22章与第24章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 22, "to": 8, "type": "互文", "strength": 4, "reason": "不争与洼则盈在水利物而居下的比喻中获得具体形象。", "source": { "from_quote": "洼则盈", "to_quote": "处众人之所恶", "reference": "王弼本第22章与第8章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 22, "to": 66, "type": "互文", "strength": 5, "reason": "两章直接重复天下莫能与之争，后章以江海居下与民众不受其害说明条件。", "source": { "from_quote": "故天下莫能与之争", "to_quote": "故天下莫能与之争", "reference": "王弼本第22章与第66章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 23, "to": 24, "type": "递进", "strength": 4, "reason": "本章以风雨说明过强难久，下一章以踮脚跨步说明勉强自伸不能稳定行动。", "source": { "from_quote": "飘风不终朝，骤雨不终日", "to_quote": "企者不立", "reference": "王弼本第23章与第24章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 23, "to": 17, "type": "互文", "strength": 5, "reason": "两章重复诚信不足引发不信，并将其置于少言与自然的讨论中。", "source": { "from_quote": "信不足焉，有不信焉", "to_quote": "信不足焉，有不信焉", "reference": "王弼本第23章与第17章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 23, "to": 5, "type": "互文", "strength": 4, "reason": "多言数穷与希言自然都从言说的限度说明保留虚静的必要。", "source": { "from_quote": "希言自然", "to_quote": "多言数穷", "reference": "王弼本第23章与第5章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 24, "to": 22, "type": "对比", "strength": 5, "reason": "本章逐项反转第二十二章不自见、不自是的表述，是明确的正反对举。", "source": { "from_quote": "自见者不明，自是者不彰", "to_quote": "不自见故明，不自是故彰", "reference": "王弼本第24章与第22章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 24, "to": 9, "type": "互文", "strength": 4, "reason": "踮足跨步与富贵而骄都指出过度自我扩张可能破坏已有条件。", "source": { "from_quote": "自矜者不长", "to_quote": "富贵而骄，自遗其咎", "reference": "王弼本第24章与第9章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 24, "to": 30, "type": "总纲—分述", "strength": 4, "reason": "不自伐的原则在第三十章的军事功果语境中成为勿伐勿骄的限制。", "source": { "from_quote": "自伐者无功", "to_quote": "果而勿伐，果而勿骄", "reference": "王弼本第24章与第30章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 25, "to": 21, "type": "承接", "strength": 4, "reason": "第二十一章说道恍惚而有物，本章进一步描述这个混成根源及其命名。", "source": { "from_quote": "有物混成", "to_quote": "其中有物", "reference": "王弼本第25章与第21章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 25, "to": 1, "type": "互文", "strength": 4, "reason": "两章共同以道与名的距离限制表达，第一章的非常名在此体现为强为之名。", "source": { "from_quote": "强为之名曰大", "to_quote": "名可名，非常名", "reference": "王弼本第25章与第1章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 25, "to": 40, "type": "总纲—分述", "strength": 4, "reason": "大逝远反的运动在第四十章被浓缩为反者道之动。", "source": { "from_quote": "远曰反", "to_quote": "反者道之动", "reference": "王弼本第25章与第40章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 26, "to": 24, "type": "互文", "strength": 4, "reason": "踮足跨步的不稳与离开重静之根的轻躁都揭示追求表面速度和高度的代价。", "source": { "from_quote": "轻则失本", "to_quote": "跨者不行", "reference": "王弼本第26章与第24章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 26, "to": 16, "type": "总纲—分述", "strength": 4, "reason": "第十六章的守静知常在本章转成行路与责任中的稳定基础。", "source": { "from_quote": "静为躁君", "to_quote": "致虚极，守静笃", "reference": "王弼本第26章与第16章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 26, "to": 45, "type": "互文", "strength": 4, "reason": "静对躁的统摄在第四十五章再由寒热与清静为正说明。", "source": { "from_quote": "静为躁君", "to_quote": "清静为天下正", "reference": "王弼本第26章与第45章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 27, "to": 22, "type": "互文", "strength": 3, "reason": "不自是使人不把善人身份据为排他的优越，能够理解不善者也提供反省资借。", "source": { "from_quote": "不善人者，善人之资", "to_quote": "不自是故彰", "reference": "王弼本第27章与第22章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 27, "to": 49, "type": "递进", "strength": 4, "reason": "无弃人到善者不善者皆善之，进一步强调圣人不以固着成见对待人。", "source": { "from_quote": "故无弃人", "to_quote": "不善者，吾亦善之", "reference": "王弼本第27章与第49章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 27, "to": 62, "type": "互文", "strength": 4, "reason": "两章直接在不善者是否应被弃置的问题上相通，均为其保留在道中的位置。", "source": { "from_quote": "故无弃人", "to_quote": "人之不善，何弃之有", "reference": "王弼本第27章与第62章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 28, "to": 32, "type": "递进", "strength": 4, "reason": "两章都以朴抵抗过度分化；本章讨论朴与器，第三十二章进一步讨论名称成立后的止限。", "source": { "from_quote": "复归于朴", "to_quote": "始制有名", "reference": "王弼本第28章与第32章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 28, "to": 10, "type": "互文", "strength": 4, "reason": "婴儿与守雌意象共同说明柔顺并非无能，而是对过度主宰的自限。", "source": { "from_quote": "复归于婴儿", "to_quote": "能婴儿乎", "reference": "王弼本第28章与第10章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 28, "to": 61, "type": "总纲—分述", "strength": 4, "reason": "本章的守雌原则，在第六十一章被用于讨论大国处下的关系。", "source": { "from_quote": "知其雄，守其雌", "to_quote": "牝常以静胜牡", "reference": "王弼本第28章与第61章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 29, "to": 30, "type": "递进", "strength": 4, "reason": "本章对强制支配的限制，在下一章落实为对以兵力强制天下的批评。", "source": { "from_quote": "天下神器", "to_quote": "不以兵强天下", "reference": "王弼本第29章与第30章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 29, "to": 64, "type": "互文", "strength": 5, "reason": "两章直接复现强作与执取导致失败的判断，第六十四章再补充慎终和辅助自然。", "source": { "from_quote": "为者败之，执者失之", "to_quote": "为者败之，执者失之", "reference": "王弼本第29章与第64章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 29, "to": 57, "type": "总纲—分述", "strength": 4, "reason": "本章说明过度施为的限制，第五十七章列举干预滋生反效果的具体政治图景。", "source": { "from_quote": "去甚，去奢，去泰", "to_quote": "我无为而民自化", "reference": "王弼本第29章与第57章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 30, "to": 31, "type": "递进", "strength": 4, "reason": "本章强调用兵的后果与止限，第三十一章继续从悲悯与丧礼批评对胜利的赞美。", "source": { "from_quote": "不以兵强天下", "to_quote": "战胜，以丧礼处之", "reference": "王弼本第30章与第31章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 30, "to": 55, "type": "互文", "strength": 5, "reason": "两章直接重复壮而转老、不道早已的警句，把强作之害连接到生命状态。", "source": { "from_quote": "物壮则老", "to_quote": "物壮则老", "reference": "王弼本第30章与第55章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 30, "to": 69, "type": "互文", "strength": 4, "reason": "两章都反对凭强自恃，分别以果而勿强和不敢进寸说明对战争的审慎。", "source": { "from_quote": "果而勿强", "to_quote": "不敢进寸而退尺", "reference": "王弼本第30章与第69章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 31, "to": 30, "type": "承接", "strength": 4, "reason": "承接第三十章对兵强天下的限制，将后果论推进为对杀戮和胜利姿态的伦理反省。", "source": { "from_quote": "兵者不祥之器", "to_quote": "不以兵强天下", "reference": "王弼本第31章与第30章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 31, "to": 69, "type": "互文", "strength": 4, "reason": "悲哀与哀者胜都使战争中的态度远离轻敌与嗜杀，二者不可简化为情绪制胜术。", "source": { "from_quote": "以哀悲泣之", "to_quote": "哀者胜矣", "reference": "王弼本第31章与第69章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 31, "to": 67, "type": "互文", "strength": 4, "reason": "本章的哀悲与第六十七章的慈，共同限制勇武失去生命关怀。", "source": { "from_quote": "是乐杀人", "to_quote": "舍慈且勇", "reference": "王弼本第31章与第67章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 32, "to": 37, "type": "递进", "strength": 5, "reason": "两章复用侯王守道的条件句，第三十七章进一步提出自化与无名之朴。", "source": { "from_quote": "侯王若能守之", "to_quote": "侯王若能守之", "reference": "王弼本第32章与第37章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 32, "to": 25, "type": "互文", "strength": 4, "reason": "道无名与强为之名相互说明：名称用于指引，却不能穷尽道。", "source": { "from_quote": "道常无名", "to_quote": "吾不知其名", "reference": "王弼本第32章与第25章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 32, "to": 66, "type": "总纲—分述", "strength": 4, "reason": "川谷归江海的譬喻，在第六十六章展开为江海因处下而容纳众流。", "source": { "from_quote": "犹川谷之于江海", "to_quote": "江海所以能为百谷王者", "reference": "王弼本第32章与第66章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 33, "to": 36, "type": "互文", "strength": 4, "reason": "本章把强改释为自胜，第三十六章以柔弱胜刚强继续拆解外在强势的唯一标准。", "source": { "from_quote": "自胜者强", "to_quote": "柔弱胜刚强", "reference": "王弼本第33章与第36章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 33, "to": 44, "type": "递进", "strength": 4, "reason": "本章简明肯定知足，第四十四章通过名、身、货的选择解释知足与知止的代价意识。", "source": { "from_quote": "知足者富", "to_quote": "知足不辱，知止不殆", "reference": "王弼本第33章与第44章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 33, "to": 71, "type": "互文", "strength": 4, "reason": "自知的明察与知道自己不知相互补充，都要求认识转向自身局限。", "source": { "from_quote": "自知者明", "to_quote": "知不知上", "reference": "王弼本第33章与第71章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 34, "to": 35, "type": "承接", "strength": 4, "reason": "本章描述大道养物而不主宰，第三十五章接着说明执大象为何能使人安平无害。", "source": { "from_quote": "衣养万物而不为主", "to_quote": "往而不害，安平太", "reference": "王弼本第34章与第35章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 34, "to": 51, "type": "互文", "strength": 4, "reason": "养物不为主与生而不有构成同一类非占有的生成关系。", "source": { "from_quote": "衣养万物而不为主", "to_quote": "生而不有，为而不恃", "reference": "王弼本第34章与第51章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 34, "to": 63, "type": "总纲—分述", "strength": 5, "reason": "两章直接复现故能成其大的结论，第六十三章将不自为大落实到处理细小事务。", "source": { "from_quote": "故能成其大", "to_quote": "故能成其大", "reference": "王弼本第34章与第63章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 35, "to": 34, "type": "承接", "strength": 4, "reason": "由大道养物不为主转到执道带来的安平，二者以不据有、不伤害说明道的作用。", "source": { "from_quote": "往而不害", "to_quote": "衣养万物而不为主", "reference": "王弼本第35章与第34章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 35, "to": 14, "type": "互文", "strength": 4, "reason": "两章都用视觉与听觉不能把握来说明道不能缩减为具体感官对象。", "source": { "from_quote": "视之不足见，听之不足闻", "to_quote": "视之不见名曰夷", "reference": "王弼本第35章与第14章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 35, "to": 81, "type": "互文", "strength": 4, "reason": "本章把不害作为归往的条件，第八十一章把利而不害概括为天之道。", "source": { "from_quote": "往而不害", "to_quote": "利而不害", "reference": "王弼本第35章与第81章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 36, "to": 30, "type": "互文", "strength": 4, "reason": "第三十章的壮老变化为本章强弱反转提供可比较的语境，但不等于为操纵方法背书。", "source": { "from_quote": "将欲弱之，必固强之", "to_quote": "物壮则老", "reference": "王弼本第36章与第30章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 36, "to": 40, "type": "总纲—分述", "strength": 4, "reason": "本章展开强弱转返的具体句式，第四十章以反与弱概括道的动与用。", "source": { "from_quote": "柔弱胜刚强", "to_quote": "反者道之动", "reference": "王弼本第36章与第40章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 36, "to": 78, "type": "互文", "strength": 4, "reason": "第七十八章借水的意象重申柔胜刚，为本章抽象判断提供另一种表达。", "source": { "from_quote": "柔弱胜刚强", "to_quote": "弱之胜强，柔之胜刚", "reference": "王弼本第36章与第78章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 37, "to": 32, "type": "递进", "strength": 5, "reason": "直接沿用侯王守道的条件句，并将无名、朴和知止推进到自化、自定。", "source": { "from_quote": "侯王若能守之", "to_quote": "侯王若能守之", "reference": "王弼本第37章与第32章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 37, "to": 48, "type": "互文", "strength": 5, "reason": "两章直接共享无为而无不为，第四十八章进一步说明由减损过度造作走向无为。", "source": { "from_quote": "无为而无不为", "to_quote": "无为而无不为", "reference": "王弼本第37章与第48章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 37, "to": 57, "type": "总纲—分述", "strength": 4, "reason": "第五十七章复现自化，并列出无为、好静、无事、无欲的政治表达。", "source": { "from_quote": "自化", "to_quote": "我无为而民自化", "reference": "王弼本第37章与第57章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 38, "to": 40, "type": "互文", "strength": 4, "reason": "本章追问德与规范的根本，第四十章以有生于无说明显现者不能脱离其生成根据。", "source": { "from_quote": "失道而后德", "to_quote": "有生于无", "reference": "王弼本第38章与第40章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 38, "to": 18, "type": "递进", "strength": 4, "reason": "第十八章提出大道废而有仁义，本章展开道德仁义礼的完整递降序列。", "source": { "from_quote": "失道而后德", "to_quote": "大道废，有仁义", "reference": "王弼本第38章与第18章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 38, "to": 12, "type": "互文", "strength": 3, "reason": "两章直接共享去彼取此的选择句式，分别以腹目、厚薄实华标示价值取舍。", "source": { "from_quote": "故去彼取此", "to_quote": "故去彼取此", "reference": "王弼本第38章与第12章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 39, "to": 42, "type": "互文", "strength": 5, "reason": "两章直接重复侯王以孤、寡、不穀自称，将居下与贵位相联系。", "source": { "from_quote": "孤﹑寡﹑不穀", "to_quote": "孤﹑寡﹑不穀", "reference": "王弼本第39章与第42章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 39, "to": 28, "type": "互文", "strength": 4, "reason": "本章的贵贱高下基础关系，与第二十八章守辱为谷的价值倒转互相说明。", "source": { "from_quote": "贵以贱为本", "to_quote": "知其荣，守其辱", "reference": "王弼本第39章与第28章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 39, "to": 66, "type": "总纲—分述", "strength": 4, "reason": "第六十六章以江海善下具体展开高以下为基及上位者自限的原则。", "source": { "from_quote": "高以下为基", "to_quote": "以其善下之", "reference": "王弼本第39章与第66章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 40, "to": 42, "type": "互文", "strength": 4, "reason": "两章都讨论万物的生成；本章以有无说明根据，第四十二章以一二三说明分化。", "source": { "from_quote": "天下万物生于有", "to_quote": "三生万物", "reference": "王弼本第40章与第42章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 40, "to": 25, "type": "互文", "strength": 4, "reason": "第二十五章远曰反为本章的反提供返回语境，共同纠正只向外扩张的理解。", "source": { "from_quote": "反者道之动", "to_quote": "远曰反", "reference": "王弼本第40章与第25章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 40, "to": 11, "type": "总纲—分述", "strength": 4, "reason": "本章概括有无的生成关系，第十一章借车器室说明无在具体功用中的意义；二者相通但不完全同义。", "source": { "from_quote": "有生于无", "to_quote": "无之以为用", "reference": "王弼本第40章与第11章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 41, "to": 45, "type": "互文", "strength": 4, "reason": "两章连续使用若字，将真实作用与表面不足并置，形成相近的反常识表达结构。", "source": { "from_quote": "广德若不足", "to_quote": "大成若缺", "reference": "王弼本第41章与第45章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 41, "to": 20, "type": "互文", "strength": 3, "reason": "第二十章的我与众人之别，提供与本章俗见误读道相近的阅读经验，二者并非同一人物传记。", "source": { "from_quote": "下士闻道，大笑之", "to_quote": "我独异于人", "reference": "王弼本第41章与第20章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 41, "to": 70, "type": "互文", "strength": 4, "reason": "两章都讨论道为何难以被当时的人理解，并把理解联系到实际践行。", "source": { "from_quote": "上士闻道，勤而行之", "to_quote": "天下莫能知，莫能行", "reference": "王弼本第41章与第70章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 42, "to": 39, "type": "互文", "strength": 5, "reason": "两章重复孤寡不穀的王公自称，把贵位与居下之间的关系直接连接起来。", "source": { "from_quote": "孤﹑寡﹑不穀", "to_quote": "孤﹑寡﹑不穀", "reference": "王弼本第42章与第39章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 42, "to": 2, "type": "互文", "strength": 4, "reason": "阴阳相含与有无相生共同强调对待关系，而非把任一端看成自足。", "source": { "from_quote": "万物负阴而抱阳", "to_quote": "有无相生", "reference": "王弼本第42章与第2章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 42, "to": 67, "type": "互文", "strength": 4, "reason": "损而益的判断与不敢为天下先而能成器长相通，都反对只以争先和扩张衡量能力。", "source": { "from_quote": "或损之而益", "to_quote": "不敢为天下先，故能成器长", "reference": "王弼本第42章与第67章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 43, "to": 40, "type": "总纲—分述", "strength": 4, "reason": "第四十章概括弱者道之用，本章用柔入坚的意象进一步说明其作用方式。", "source": { "from_quote": "天下之至柔", "to_quote": "弱者道之用", "reference": "王弼本第43章与第40章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 43, "to": 2, "type": "互文", "strength": 5, "reason": "两章直接使用不言之教，将无为落实为不以说教和占有来主导万物。", "source": { "from_quote": "不言之教", "to_quote": "不言之教", "reference": "王弼本第43章与第2章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 43, "to": 78, "type": "互文", "strength": 4, "reason": "第七十八章以水攻坚强，为本章柔与坚的抽象对照提供明确的水之意象。", "source": { "from_quote": "天下之至坚", "to_quote": "天下莫柔弱于水", "reference": "王弼本第43章与第78章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 44, "to": 46, "type": "递进", "strength": 4, "reason": "两章直接共享知足，第四十六章将不知足的危害从个人得失扩展到战争与天下秩序。", "source": { "from_quote": "知足", "to_quote": "知足", "reference": "王弼本第44章与第46章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 44, "to": 9, "type": "互文", "strength": 4, "reason": "多藏厚亡与金玉满堂莫能守都提示过度积聚及骄满的代价。", "source": { "from_quote": "多藏必厚亡", "to_quote": "金玉满堂，莫之能守", "reference": "王弼本第44章与第9章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 44, "to": 33, "type": "递进", "strength": 4, "reason": "第三十三章以知足定义富，本章通过名身货的比较展开为什么需要这种重新定义。", "source": { "from_quote": "知足不辱", "to_quote": "知足者富", "reference": "王弼本第44章与第33章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 45, "to": 41, "type": "互文", "strength": 4, "reason": "两章反复以若字呈现高价值与低显耀外观的差异。", "source": { "from_quote": "大巧若拙", "to_quote": "广德若不足", "reference": "王弼本第45章与第41章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 45, "to": 4, "type": "互文", "strength": 4, "reason": "大盈若冲与道冲而用说明空虚并不等于贫乏，而可以成为不穷作用的条件。", "source": { "from_quote": "大盈若冲", "to_quote": "道冲而用之或不盈", "reference": "王弼本第45章与第4章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 45, "to": 26, "type": "递进", "strength": 4, "reason": "第二十六章以静为躁君确立静的根本地位，本章结合具体对举提出清静为正。", "source": { "from_quote": "清静为天下正", "to_quote": "静为躁君", "reference": "王弼本第45章与第26章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 46, "to": 44, "type": "递进", "strength": 4, "reason": "两章直接共享知足的核心用语，本章把个人得失中的尺度进一步放进战争与生产的对照。", "source": { "from_quote": "知足", "to_quote": "知足", "reference": "王弼本第46章与第44章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 46, "to": 30, "type": "互文", "strength": 4, "reason": "本章军马与农作的冲突，同第三十章军后凶年的描写一起揭示战争的生计代价。", "source": { "from_quote": "戎马生于郊", "to_quote": "大军之后，必有凶年", "reference": "王弼本第46章与第30章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 46, "to": 80, "type": "互文", "strength": 4, "reason": "第八十章描写甲兵无所陈的理想生活，与本章退走马而用于农作形成相近的和平意象。", "source": { "from_quote": "却走马以粪", "to_quote": "虽有甲兵，无所陈之", "reference": "王弼本第46章与第80章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 47, "to": 48, "type": "承接", "strength": 4, "reason": "从不以外驰增加见闻转到为道日损，两章共同讨论知识增益与守道之间的张力。", "source": { "from_quote": "其出弥远，其知弥少", "to_quote": "为道日损", "reference": "王弼本第47章与第48章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 47, "to": 16, "type": "互文", "strength": 4, "reason": "知天下与见天道可联系第十六章通过观复而知常的体认方式。", "source": { "from_quote": "见天道", "to_quote": "知常曰明", "reference": "王弼本第47章与第16章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 47, "to": 71, "type": "互文", "strength": 4, "reason": "不出而知必须与知道自身不知并读，才能避免把对常道的理解误当成全知。", "source": { "from_quote": "知天下", "to_quote": "知不知上", "reference": "王弼本第47章与第71章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 48, "to": 47, "type": "承接", "strength": 4, "reason": "前章批评越出越远却失其知，本章提出减损作为另一种接近道的方向。", "source": { "from_quote": "为道日损", "to_quote": "其出弥远，其知弥少", "reference": "王弼本第48章与第47章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 48, "to": 37, "type": "互文", "strength": 5, "reason": "两章直接共享无为而无不为，分别从守朴与日损阐释其条件。", "source": { "from_quote": "无为而无不为", "to_quote": "无为而无不为", "reference": "王弼本第48章与第37章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 48, "to": 64, "type": "互文", "strength": 4, "reason": "减损强作与第六十四章无执、辅自然相互补充，说明无为不同于任事失管。", "source": { "from_quote": "以至于无为", "to_quote": "以辅万物之自然", "reference": "王弼本第48章与第64章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 49, "to": 51, "type": "互文", "strength": 4, "reason": "本章不以私心固定待人，和第五十一章养育而不主宰共同限制照护者的占有。", "source": { "from_quote": "以百姓心为心", "to_quote": "长而不宰", "reference": "王弼本第49章与第51章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 49, "to": 27, "type": "递进", "strength": 4, "reason": "无弃人的原则在本章展开为善与不善都不被遗弃的待人态度。", "source": { "from_quote": "不善者，吾亦善之", "to_quote": "故无弃人", "reference": "王弼本第49章与第27章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 49, "to": 62, "type": "互文", "strength": 4, "reason": "两章都明确提及不善者，说明道的包容不能只覆盖已获赞许的人。", "source": { "from_quote": "不善者，吾亦善之", "to_quote": "不善人之所保", "reference": "王弼本第49章与第62章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 50, "to": 52, "type": "互文", "strength": 4, "reason": "两章都从减少外驰与执求讨论免于自致之殃，本章的无死地可与守母相参。", "source": { "from_quote": "以其无死地", "to_quote": "无遗身殃", "reference": "王弼本第50章与第52章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 50, "to": 75, "type": "互文", "strength": 4, "reason": "两章都把过厚地求生与生命受损并置，但第七十五章尤其指出统治者求生对民众的后果。", "source": { "from_quote": "生生之厚", "to_quote": "其上求生之厚", "reference": "王弼本第50章与第75章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 50, "to": 76, "type": "互文", "strength": 4, "reason": "两章直接共享死之徒的分类用语，第七十六章进一步以柔弱与坚强作生命状态的对照。", "source": { "from_quote": "死之徒", "to_quote": "死之徒", "reference": "王弼本第50章与第76章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 51, "to": 54, "type": "递进", "strength": 4, "reason": "本章说明德的生养作用，第五十四章继续讨论德如何在身、家、乡、国、天下中修养和展开。", "source": { "from_quote": "德畜之", "to_quote": "修之于身，其德乃真", "reference": "王弼本第51章与第54章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 51, "to": 10, "type": "互文", "strength": 5, "reason": "两章直接复现生而不有、为而不恃、长而不宰及玄德的表述。", "source": { "from_quote": "生而不有，为而不恃", "to_quote": "生而不有，为而不恃", "reference": "王弼本第51章与第10章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 51, "to": 25, "type": "互文", "strength": 4, "reason": "道的生成作用与第二十五章天下母的意象互相说明，道并非以命令创制万物的统治者。", "source": { "from_quote": "道生之", "to_quote": "可以为天下母", "reference": "王弼本第51章与第25章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 52, "to": 56, "type": "互文", "strength": 5, "reason": "两章直接共享塞其兑、闭其门，第五十六章继续以和光同尘展开收敛锐意的玄同。", "source": { "from_quote": "塞其兑，闭其门", "to_quote": "塞其兑，闭其门", "reference": "王弼本第52章与第56章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 52, "to": 1, "type": "互文", "strength": 4, "reason": "两章都以母表现根本与万物的生成关系，但无名有名的解释不能被单一母喻完全替代。", "source": { "from_quote": "以为天下母", "to_quote": "有名，万物之母", "reference": "王弼本第52章与第1章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 52, "to": 16, "type": "互文", "strength": 5, "reason": "两章直接共享没身不殆，并将安定联系到知常、守常而非不断外驰。", "source": { "from_quote": "没身不殆", "to_quote": "没身不殆", "reference": "王弼本第52章与第16章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 53, "to": 48, "type": "互文", "strength": 3, "reason": "为道日损可以与本章批评华饰和多占相参；关联在于减去造作，并非两章具有完全相同的社会论题。", "source": { "from_quote": "服文彩", "to_quote": "为道日损", "reference": "王弼本第53章与第48章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 53, "to": 75, "type": "递进", "strength": 4, "reason": "本章陈列朝华田芜的矛盾，第七十五章进一步直接讨论上层取用过多与民饥之间的关系。", "source": { "from_quote": "田甚芜，仓甚虚", "to_quote": "以其上食税之多", "reference": "王弼本第53章与第75章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 53, "to": 77, "type": "互文", "strength": 4, "reason": "本章上层有馀与田仓匮乏的对照，与第七十七章损不足奉有馀的批评相互说明。", "source": { "from_quote": "财货有馀", "to_quote": "损不足以奉有馀", "reference": "王弼本第53章与第77章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 54, "to": 51, "type": "递进", "strength": 4, "reason": "第五十一章说明德的养育作用，本章讨论德在不同生活层次中的修养与效验。", "source": { "from_quote": "修之于身，其德乃真", "to_quote": "德畜之", "reference": "王弼本第54章与第51章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 54, "to": 21, "type": "互文", "strength": 4, "reason": "两章以吾何以知的设问追问认识根据，分别从道的生成与修德的效验作答。", "source": { "from_quote": "吾何以知天下然哉", "to_quote": "吾何以知众甫之状哉", "reference": "王弼本第54章与第21章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 54, "to": 59, "type": "互文", "strength": 4, "reason": "本章的不拔不脱与第五十九章重积德、深根固柢共同强调持久的内在根基。", "source": { "from_quote": "善建者不拔", "to_quote": "深根固柢", "reference": "王弼本第54章与第59章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 55, "to": 52, "type": "递进", "strength": 4, "reason": "第五十二章以守柔为强，本章借赤子说明柔与内在充足能够并存。", "source": { "from_quote": "知常曰明", "to_quote": "见小曰明，守柔曰强", "reference": "王弼本第55章与第52章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 55, "to": 10, "type": "互文", "strength": 4, "reason": "两章均以婴儿表现柔和，本章补充柔弱并不等于无生命力量。", "source": { "from_quote": "骨弱筋柔而握固", "to_quote": "专气致柔，能婴儿乎", "reference": "王弼本第55章与第10章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 55, "to": 30, "type": "互文", "strength": 5, "reason": "同一句警示分别出现于用兵与生命论述，显示强盛过度的共同限度。", "source": { "from_quote": "物壮则老", "to_quote": "物壮则老", "reference": "王弼本第55章与第30章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 56, "to": 52, "type": "互文", "strength": 5, "reason": "两章使用相同措辞收束向外驰逐，本章进一步说明亲疏利害不再支配主体。", "source": { "from_quote": "塞其兑，闭其门", "to_quote": "塞其兑，闭其门", "reference": "王弼本第56章与第52章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 56, "to": 4, "type": "互文", "strength": 5, "reason": "第四章对道的描写在本章转化为人的玄同状态。", "source": { "from_quote": "和其光，同其尘", "to_quote": "和其光，同其尘", "reference": "王弼本第56章与第4章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 56, "to": 49, "type": "递进", "strength": 4, "reason": "第四十九章以不固守常心接纳人，本章进一步说明消解外部等级和利害的牵制。", "source": { "from_quote": "是谓玄同", "to_quote": "为天下浑其心", "reference": "王弼本第56章与第49章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 57, "to": 58, "type": "承接", "strength": 4, "reason": "下一章继续说明治理过于细察苛密时对民众造成的损伤。", "source": { "from_quote": "天下多忌讳，而民弥贫", "to_quote": "其政察察，其民缺缺", "reference": "王弼本第57章与第58章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 57, "to": 37, "type": "总纲—分述", "strength": 4, "reason": "第三十七章提出自化原则，本章通过禁忌、法令等问题展开。", "source": { "from_quote": "我无为而民自化", "to_quote": "侯王若能守之，万物将自化", "reference": "王弼本第57章与第37章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 57, "to": 48, "type": "互文", "strength": 5, "reason": "两章都把无事与取天下联系，本章补充过度干预的具体批评。", "source": { "from_quote": "以无事取天下", "to_quote": "取天下常以无事", "reference": "王弼本第57章与第48章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 58, "to": 57, "type": "承接", "strength": 4, "reason": "本章从行政风格继续分析上一章繁苛治理的反作用。", "source": { "from_quote": "其政察察，其民缺缺", "to_quote": "法令滋彰，盗贼多有", "reference": "王弼本第58章与第57章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 58, "to": 40, "type": "总纲—分述", "strength": 4, "reason": "第四十章提出反的运动，本章在祸福与正奇转化中作具体展开。", "source": { "from_quote": "正复为奇", "to_quote": "反者道之动", "reference": "王弼本第58章与第40章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 58, "to": 45, "type": "互文", "strength": 4, "reason": "两章都修正对正直外观的简单判断：真正的直不需要僵硬或放肆。", "source": { "from_quote": "直而不肆", "to_quote": "大直若屈", "reference": "王弼本第58章与第45章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 59, "to": 67, "type": "互文", "strength": 4, "reason": "啬与俭共同强调珍惜和节用，第六十七章把它列为三宝之一。", "source": { "from_quote": "莫若啬", "to_quote": "二曰俭", "reference": "王弼本第59章与第67章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 59, "to": 16, "type": "互文", "strength": 4, "reason": "两章以根说明长久的基础，分别侧重节啬积德与归根守静。", "source": { "from_quote": "深根固柢", "to_quote": "各复归其根", "reference": "王弼本第59章与第16章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 59, "to": 54, "type": "递进", "strength": 4, "reason": "第五十四章说明德由身向外扩展，本章补充厚积与长久之间的联系。", "source": { "from_quote": "重积德", "to_quote": "修之于身，其德乃真", "reference": "王弼本第59章与第54章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 60, "to": 57, "type": "递进", "strength": 4, "reason": "第五十七章提出无事，本章以烹鱼比喻补充少扰并突出不伤人的尺度。", "source": { "from_quote": "治大国，若烹小鲜", "to_quote": "我无事而民自富", "reference": "王弼本第60章与第57章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 60, "to": 35, "type": "互文", "strength": 4, "reason": "两章都把不伤害和安定联系，拒绝只以强制效能评价秩序。", "source": { "from_quote": "圣人亦不伤人", "to_quote": "往而不害，安平太", "reference": "王弼本第60章与第35章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 60, "to": 51, "type": "互文", "strength": 4, "reason": "第五十一章以不宰表述养育，本章在治理中提出不伤，均限制支配的冲动。", "source": { "from_quote": "圣人亦不伤人", "to_quote": "长而不宰", "reference": "王弼本第60章与第51章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 61, "to": 66, "type": "互文", "strength": 4, "reason": "两章都以江海处下说明容纳力量，本章聚焦大小国，第六十六章聚焦上下关系。", "source": { "from_quote": "大国者下流", "to_quote": "江海所以能为百谷王者，以其善下之", "reference": "王弼本第61章与第66章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 61, "to": 6, "type": "互文", "strength": 4, "reason": "牝在第六章表现生成的根源，本章借其接纳与静的意味说明关系姿态。", "source": { "from_quote": "天下之牝", "to_quote": "是谓玄牝", "reference": "王弼本第61章与第6章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 61, "to": 28, "type": "递进", "strength": 4, "reason": "第二十八章提出守雌，本章把这一姿态展开为强者应主动处下的责任。", "source": { "from_quote": "大者宜为下", "to_quote": "知其雄，守其雌", "reference": "王弼本第61章与第28章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 62, "to": 79, "type": "互文", "strength": 4, "reason": "两章都反省以过错或债负不断追逼他人，本章重不弃，第七十九章重止怨。", "source": { "from_quote": "人之不善，何弃之有", "to_quote": "而不责于人", "reference": "王弼本第62章与第79章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 62, "to": 27, "type": "递进", "strength": 4, "reason": "第二十七章提出无弃人，本章进一步说明不善之人仍有道作为依托。", "source": { "from_quote": "人之不善，何弃之有", "to_quote": "故无弃人", "reference": "王弼本第62章与第27章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 62, "to": 49, "type": "互文", "strength": 4, "reason": "两章共同拒绝只对已被认定为善者保留善意。", "source": { "from_quote": "不善人之所保", "to_quote": "不善者，吾亦善之", "reference": "王弼本第62章与第49章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 63, "to": 64, "type": "承接", "strength": 4, "reason": "下一章以大木、层台和远行继续展开由微小处着手的道理。", "source": { "from_quote": "为大于其细", "to_quote": "合抱之木，生于毫末", "reference": "王弼本第63章与第64章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 63, "to": 34, "type": "互文", "strength": 5, "reason": "两章都以不自为大解释成其大，本章将其落实为认真处理细小事务。", "source": { "from_quote": "故能成其大", "to_quote": "故能成其大", "reference": "王弼本第63章与第34章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 63, "to": 79, "type": "递进", "strength": 4, "reason": "第七十九章指出怨恨形成后难以完全消除，补充了本章及早改变回应方式的必要性。", "source": { "from_quote": "报怨以德", "to_quote": "和大怨，必有馀怨", "reference": "王弼本第63章与第79章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 64, "to": 63, "type": "承接", "strength": 4, "reason": "延续上一章由细微处处理大事的要求，并增加慎终的时间维度。", "source": { "from_quote": "合抱之木，生于毫末", "to_quote": "为大于其细", "reference": "王弼本第64章与第63章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 64, "to": 29, "type": "互文", "strength": 5, "reason": "相同警句在两章出现，说明强作与占有不是可靠的成事方式。", "source": { "from_quote": "为者败之，执者失之", "to_quote": "为者败之，执者失之", "reference": "王弼本第64章与第29章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 64, "to": 25, "type": "总纲—分述", "strength": 4, "reason": "第二十五章提出自然原则，本章以辅助而不强作说明行动如何符合它。", "source": { "from_quote": "以辅万物之自然", "to_quote": "道法自然", "reference": "王弼本第64章与第25章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 65, "to": 57, "type": "互文", "strength": 4, "reason": "两章均把治理者放下欲望和机巧与民众质朴联系，但本章的愚民表述更具争议。", "source": { "from_quote": "不以智治国", "to_quote": "我无欲而民自朴", "reference": "王弼本第65章与第57章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 65, "to": 3, "type": "互文", "strength": 4, "reason": "两章共同呈现使民减少智欲的政治想象，应一并讨论其反机巧与家长式限制。", "source": { "from_quote": "将以愚之", "to_quote": "常使民无知无欲", "reference": "王弼本第65章与第3章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 65, "to": 19, "type": "总纲—分述", "strength": 4, "reason": "第十九章提出弃智，本章把智巧批判具体用于治理并显露其政治张力。", "source": { "from_quote": "民之难治，以其智多", "to_quote": "绝圣弃智", "reference": "王弼本第65章与第19章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 66, "to": 61, "type": "互文", "strength": 4, "reason": "第六十一章要求大者处下，本章以江海说明处下的容纳意义。", "source": { "from_quote": "以其善下之", "to_quote": "大者宜为下", "reference": "王弼本第66章与第61章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 66, "to": 8, "type": "互文", "strength": 4, "reason": "两章均以水建立不争的价值，第八章重利物，本章重不造成负担。", "source": { "from_quote": "江海所以能为百谷王者", "to_quote": "水善利万物而不争", "reference": "王弼本第66章与第8章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 66, "to": 22, "type": "互文", "strength": 5, "reason": "相同语句说明不争的反转，本章增加了在上者不重、不害的社会尺度。", "source": { "from_quote": "故天下莫能与之争", "to_quote": "故天下莫能与之争", "reference": "王弼本第66章与第22章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 67, "to": 68, "type": "递进", "strength": 4, "reason": "下一章继续说明勇武不等于愤怒和攻击冲动。", "source": { "from_quote": "慈故能勇", "to_quote": "善战者不怒", "reference": "王弼本第67章与第68章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 67, "to": 28, "type": "互文", "strength": 4, "reason": "两章都要求有能力者约束争先占强的冲动。", "source": { "from_quote": "不敢为天下先", "to_quote": "知其雄，守其雌", "reference": "王弼本第67章与第28章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 67, "to": 46, "type": "互文", "strength": 4, "reason": "俭约与知足共同限制无尽扩张，区别于因缺乏能力而被迫收缩。", "source": { "from_quote": "二曰俭", "to_quote": "祸莫大于不知足", "reference": "王弼本第67章与第46章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 68, "to": 69, "type": "承接", "strength": 4, "reason": "下一章用不主动挑起冲突的姿态继续限定战争中的争强冲动。", "source": { "from_quote": "善战者不怒", "to_quote": "不敢为主而为客", "reference": "王弼本第68章与第69章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 68, "to": 22, "type": "总纲—分述", "strength": 4, "reason": "第二十二章提出不争，本章在武、战、胜、用人四方面分述。", "source": { "from_quote": "是谓不争之德", "to_quote": "夫唯不争", "reference": "王弼本第68章与第22章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 68, "to": 10, "type": "互文", "strength": 4, "reason": "两章都将领导与支配分开：居长不等于任意主宰他人。", "source": { "from_quote": "善用人者为之下", "to_quote": "长而不宰", "reference": "王弼本第68章与第10章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 69, "to": 67, "type": "递进", "strength": 4, "reason": "本章的吾宝与三宝相联系，轻敌使慈的约束失效。", "source": { "from_quote": "轻敌几丧吾宝", "to_quote": "一曰慈", "reference": "王弼本第69章与第67章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 69, "to": 31, "type": "互文", "strength": 4, "reason": "两章把悲哀而非庆功式兴奋置于战争评价中。", "source": { "from_quote": "哀者胜矣", "to_quote": "战胜，以丧礼处之", "reference": "王弼本第69章与第31章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 69, "to": 30, "type": "互文", "strength": 4, "reason": "两章都以不得已限制用兵，反对主动争强与扩张。", "source": { "from_quote": "不敢为主而为客", "to_quote": "果而不得已", "reference": "王弼本第69章与第30章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 70, "to": 71, "type": "递进", "strength": 4, "reason": "下一章把认识的困难转向自知其不知，为本章不被理解的问题补上自省尺度。", "source": { "from_quote": "夫唯无知，是以不我知", "to_quote": "知不知上", "reference": "王弼本第70章与第71章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 70, "to": 41, "type": "互文", "strength": 4, "reason": "两章都说明道的价值与通常的外观评价之间可能错位。", "source": { "from_quote": "圣人被褐怀玉", "to_quote": "明道若昧", "reference": "王弼本第70章与第41章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 70, "to": 20, "type": "互文", "strength": 4, "reason": "两章呈现与通常评价不合的思想处境，但这种差异本身不是正确的证明。", "source": { "from_quote": "知我者希", "to_quote": "我独异于人", "reference": "王弼本第70章与第20章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 71, "to": 70, "type": "递进", "strength": 4, "reason": "第七十章要求把握言行根本，本章进一步提醒把握根本也须承认自己的认知限度。", "source": { "from_quote": "知不知上", "to_quote": "言有宗，事有君", "reference": "王弼本第71章与第70章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 71, "to": 33, "type": "互文", "strength": 4, "reason": "两章都将对自身的认识置于高位，本章具体指出自知未知的重要性。", "source": { "from_quote": "知不知上", "to_quote": "自知者明", "reference": "王弼本第71章与第33章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 71, "to": 47, "type": "互文", "strength": 4, "reason": "两章从不同角度批评把外在知识积累等同真正明白；本章补充对自以为知的检验。", "source": { "from_quote": "不知知病", "to_quote": "其出弥远，其知弥少", "reference": "王弼本第71章与第47章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 72, "to": 75, "type": "递进", "strength": 4, "reason": "第七十五章具体说明在上者的征敛如何侵损民生，展开本章不压迫生计的要求。", "source": { "from_quote": "无厌其所生", "to_quote": "以其上食税之多，是以饥", "reference": "王弼本第72章与第75章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 72, "to": 33, "type": "互文", "strength": 4, "reason": "两章肯定自知，本章进一步将自知与自我炫示分开。", "source": { "from_quote": "自知不自见", "to_quote": "自知者明", "reference": "王弼本第72章与第33章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 72, "to": 13, "type": "互文", "strength": 4, "reason": "两章都讨论爱身与天下的关系，把对生命的珍惜同权力责任联系起来。", "source": { "from_quote": "自爱不自贵", "to_quote": "爱以身为天下", "reference": "王弼本第72章与第13章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 73, "to": 74, "type": "承接", "strength": 4, "reason": "下一章继续讨论人是否有资格代行杀罚，本章对天意难知的提醒构成背景。", "source": { "from_quote": "天之所恶，孰知其故", "to_quote": "常有司杀者杀", "reference": "王弼本第73章与第74章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 73, "to": 67, "type": "互文", "strength": 4, "reason": "两章重新规定勇：不以冒进或伤害为标准，而以克制和慈为限度。", "source": { "from_quote": "勇于不敢则活", "to_quote": "慈故能勇", "reference": "王弼本第73章与第67章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 73, "to": 8, "type": "互文", "strength": 4, "reason": "两章都把不争与效能并置，区别于以强烈对抗证明力量。", "source": { "from_quote": "不争而善胜", "to_quote": "水善利万物而不争", "reference": "王弼本第73章与第8章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 74, "to": 72, "type": "递进", "strength": 4, "reason": "由威压失效进一步论及死亡威胁的失效及刑杀权限。", "source": { "from_quote": "民不畏死", "to_quote": "民不畏威", "reference": "王弼本第74章与第72章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 74, "to": 73, "type": "承接", "strength": 4, "reason": "与前章对天意难知的警惕相接，限制人自居最终裁判者。", "source": { "from_quote": "常有司杀者杀", "to_quote": "天之所恶，孰知其故", "reference": "王弼本第74章与第73章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 74, "to": 31, "type": "互文", "strength": 4, "reason": "两章都使杀伤承受严肃伦理审视，反对把生命损失当作可夸耀的功绩。", "source": { "from_quote": "夫代司杀者杀", "to_quote": "杀人之众，以哀悲泣之", "reference": "王弼本第74章与第31章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 75, "to": 74, "type": "因果", "strength": 4, "reason": "本章明确给出轻死的生活原因，为上一章威吓失效提供原文支持的因果解释。", "source": { "from_quote": "以其上求生之厚，是以轻死", "to_quote": "民不畏死", "reference": "王弼本第75章与第74章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 75, "to": 53, "type": "互文", "strength": 4, "reason": "第五十三章并置上层奢华与民生空虚，本章直接指出征敛造成困境。", "source": { "from_quote": "以其上食税之多，是以饥", "to_quote": "田甚芜，仓甚虚", "reference": "王弼本第75章与第53章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 75, "to": 48, "type": "总纲—分述", "strength": 4, "reason": "第四十八章批评有事，本章在民众难治的具体后果中展开。", "source": { "from_quote": "以其上之有为，是以难治", "to_quote": "及其有事，不足以取天下", "reference": "王弼本第75章与第48章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 76, "to": 78, "type": "递进", "strength": 4, "reason": "第七十八章再用水说明柔弱的效能，为本章的生命类比补充另一自然意象。", "source": { "from_quote": "柔弱者生之徒", "to_quote": "弱之胜强，柔之胜刚", "reference": "王弼本第76章与第78章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 76, "to": 40, "type": "总纲—分述", "strength": 4, "reason": "第四十章提出弱的作用，本章通过生命与草木加以分述。", "source": { "from_quote": "柔弱者生之徒", "to_quote": "弱者道之用", "reference": "王弼本第76章与第40章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 76, "to": 55, "type": "互文", "strength": 4, "reason": "赤子与活体的比喻共同说明柔弱可与生命力量相容。", "source": { "from_quote": "人之生也柔弱", "to_quote": "骨弱筋柔而握固", "reference": "王弼本第76章与第55章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 77, "to": 81, "type": "互文", "strength": 4, "reason": "两章肯定向他人给予而非积占，并将付出同不争相连。", "source": { "from_quote": "有馀以奉天下", "to_quote": "既以与人己愈多", "reference": "王弼本第77章与第81章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 77, "to": 42, "type": "互文", "strength": 4, "reason": "两章都提醒损益并非单向相加，本章聚焦余缺的伦理调整。", "source": { "from_quote": "损有馀而补不足", "to_quote": "故物或损之而益", "reference": "王弼本第77章与第42章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 77, "to": 53, "type": "互文", "strength": 4, "reason": "第五十三章描绘上层富余与田仓荒虚，本章以损不足奉有余明确其失衡结构。", "source": { "from_quote": "损不足以奉有馀", "to_quote": "财货有馀；是为盗夸", "reference": "王弼本第77章与第53章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 78, "to": 76, "type": "递进", "strength": 4, "reason": "从柔弱保存生命进一步展开为水的效能及承担责任。", "source": { "from_quote": "弱之胜强，柔之胜刚", "to_quote": "柔弱者生之徒", "reference": "王弼本第78章与第76章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 78, "to": 8, "type": "互文", "strength": 4, "reason": "第八章以水说明利物与处下，本章增加攻坚和承垢的含义。", "source": { "from_quote": "天下莫柔弱于水", "to_quote": "上善若水", "reference": "王弼本第78章与第8章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 78, "to": 40, "type": "总纲—分述", "strength": 4, "reason": "以水和受垢两个层次具体解释弱如何发挥作用。", "source": { "from_quote": "弱之胜强", "to_quote": "弱者道之用", "reference": "王弼本第78章与第40章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 79, "to": 62, "type": "互文", "strength": 4, "reason": "两章共同保留人改变关系的余地，避免把过错转成永久排斥和逼索。", "source": { "from_quote": "而不责于人", "to_quote": "人之不善，何弃之有", "reference": "王弼本第79章与第62章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 79, "to": 63, "type": "递进", "strength": 4, "reason": "本章说明怨恨形成后难彻底清除，使以德回应具有及早阻断累积的意义。", "source": { "from_quote": "和大怨，必有馀怨", "to_quote": "报怨以德", "reference": "王弼本第79章与第63章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 79, "to": 51, "type": "互文", "strength": 4, "reason": "守德而不逼索与有所作为而不恃功，都限制把付出转为支配他人的凭据。", "source": { "from_quote": "有德司契", "to_quote": "为而不恃", "reference": "王弼本第79章与第51章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 80, "to": 75, "type": "对比", "strength": 4, "reason": "一个描绘珍惜生命的安居理想，一个说明厚养征敛下的轻死，两者由生存条件形成对照。", "source": { "from_quote": "使民重死而不远徙", "to_quote": "民之轻死", "reference": "王弼本第80章与第75章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 80, "to": 19, "type": "总纲—分述", "strength": 4, "reason": "第十九章提出朴素寡欲，本章用日常衣食居俗描绘其社会图景。", "source": { "from_quote": "甘其食，美其服，安其居，乐其俗", "to_quote": "见素抱朴，少私寡欲", "reference": "王弼本第80章与第19章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 80, "to": 46, "type": "互文", "strength": 4, "reason": "两章都以军事资源闲置或转向生活用途表现无战状态。", "source": { "from_quote": "虽有甲兵，无所陈之", "to_quote": "天下有道，却走马以粪", "reference": "王弼本第80章与第46章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 81, "to": 77, "type": "互文", "strength": 4, "reason": "两章都肯定给予与不据功，反对把资源和声望只向自身积聚。", "source": { "from_quote": "既以与人己愈多", "to_quote": "有馀以奉天下", "reference": "王弼本第81章与第77章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 81, "to": 2, "type": "互文", "strength": 4, "reason": "开篇与终章共同说明行动可以存在，而对成果的执占应受到限制。", "source": { "from_quote": "圣人之道，为而不争", "to_quote": "为而不恃", "reference": "王弼本第81章与第2章；编者据原文比较" } }, { "from": 81, "to": 56, "type": "互文", "strength": 4, "reason": "两章都批评以语言展示替代真实理解，终章进一步把言知放到利人不争的尺度下。", "source": { "from_quote": "善者不辩", "to_quote": "知者不言", "reference": "王弼本第81章与第56章；编者据原文比较" } } ]